Hummingbirds are fascinating creatures that capture the imagination with their jewel-like colors, lightning fast movements, and ability to hover and fly backwards. Understanding why hummingbirds may prefer one nectar feeder over another can help people create an optimal backyard habitat to attract these special birds.
The Importance of Nectar Concentration
One of the most important factors influencing hummingbird feeder preference is nectar concentration. In the wild, hummingbirds feed on flower nectar that is typically 25-40% sucrose. This matches the optimal nutritional requirements of hummingbirds. If homemade nectar is too diluted, it may not provide enough calories. But if it is overly concentrated, the thick nectar can coat the inside of the bird’s beak and make feeding difficult.
Researchers have found that wild hummingbirds will bypass feeders with 15% sucrose concentration. They prefer feeders with 25-30% concentration, similar to natural flower nectar. Some commercial hummingbird food mixes as concentrated as 40% sucrose, which may be problematic. To make an optimal homemade nectar, experts recommend mixing 1 part table sugar with 4 parts water. This creates a 20% sucrose solution that provides nutrition without being difficult to ingest.
The Role of Nectar Flavor
In addition to concentration, the flavor of nectar may influence hummingbird preferences. In nature, different flower species have unique nectar flavors based on chemical compounds. Some people add fruit juice or extracts to homemade nectar to alter the taste. However, researchers have found that wild hummingbirds prefer plain sucrose solutions to flavored nectar. Added flavors or red food coloring have no demonstrated benefit and may deter hummingbirds.
There are a few exceptions where added flavorings may attract hummingbirds. Orioles sometimes visit hummingbird feeders and prefer a nectar made with sugar and grape jelly. A small amount of anise extract may also help deter bees from a hummingbird feeder. But in most cases, plain white sugar and water is best to appeal to hummingbird taste preferences.
The Positioning of Feeders
Hummingbirds are territorial creatures and can be quite aggressive around feeders. Dominant males will often stake a claim to a feeder and chase away other birds. Juveniles and females may not be able to access a feeder due to an aggressive male. To support multiple hummingbirds, experts recommend placing several feeders 10-15 feet apart around your yard. This allows the birds to establish distinct territories.
You can also position feeders at different heights and locations. Some hummingbirds may prefer sheltered spots with trees and bushes, while dominant males may claim exposed feeders. Having a variety of feeder placement allows different birds to access the nectar. Move feeders periodically to disrupt territorial behaviors. Ensure nearby vegetation doesn’t impede the birds’ flight paths to access the feeder’s openings.
The Feeder Style
There are many hummingbird feeder styles and designs available today. The shape, size, color, and functional attributes of a feeder may influence its appeal. Here are some considerations when selecting or positioning feeders to attract hummingbirds:
- Bottle or reservoir style – Basic feeders with reservoirs are easy to use and clean. Consider capacity, nectar volume markers, and ease of filling when choosing a design.
- Wide feeding ports – Look for feeders with multiple feeding ports/perches set 4-5 inches apart to allow multiple birds to feed.
- Color – While red is sometimes recommended, plain transparent feeders also work well. Avoid dark colors that may absorb heat in sunny spots.
- Drip and ant proof – Features like sealing flow ports, MOATs, and ant guards help keep nectar clean.
- Elevated – Hanging or pole-mounted feeders may attract more hummers than low-set ones.
Try experimenting with different feeder placements, styles, and designs to observe hummingbird preferences in your habitat.
The Cleanliness of Feeders
Dirty and moldy feeders can deter hummingbirds and even pose health risks. Nectar ferments quickly in warm weather, facilitating bacterial and fungal overgrowth. Clouded, pinkish nectar should be discarded and feeders scrubbed clean.
Here are some tips for maintaining clean hummingbird feeders:
- Rinse and refill feeders every 2-3 days in warm weather, or every 5 days when cooler.
- monthly
- Always wash hands before handling feeders to avoid transferring bacteria.
- Consider using a bottle brush for scrubbing.
- Let feeders dry completely before refilling.
- Soak in a dilute bleach solution periodically for deeper cleaning.
With proper care, your feeders will stay clean and appealing to hummingbirds in your yard!
Factor | Recommendation |
---|---|
Nectar Concentration | 20-25% sucrose solution (1 part sugar to 4 parts water) |
Nectar Flavor | Plain white sugar water, no colors/flavors needed |
Feeder Placement | Multiple locations 10-15 feet apart, different heights/exposure |
Feeder Style | Wide ports, reservoirs, elevated, easy cleaning features |
Cleanliness | Change nectar every 2-3 days (5 days in cool weather), regular scrubbing |
Conclusion
Understanding what attracts hummingbirds to certain feeders allows people to create an optimal backyard habitat. Factors like nectar quality, feeder design, placement, and cleanliness all influence hummingbird preferences. With some experimentation and attentive feeder maintenance, you can discover the best ways to attract these special birds to your yard.
Observing hummingbird behaviors around different feeders can be an enriching educational and recreational experience. In addition to appreciating their beauty, you may be able to participate in citizen science initiatives that track hummingbird populations, migration, and behavior. With a well-stocked habitat, you’ll be rewarded with up-close views of these energetic tiny birds thriving thanks to your efforts.