Hummingbirds are territorial creatures, and it’s not uncommon for one dominant hummingbird to chase others away from feeders or flowering plants. This aggressive behavior serves to protect food sources, but it can prevent other hummers from getting the nutrition they need. If you notice one hummingbird monopolizing your feeders, there are steps you can take to allow everyone to peacefully co-exist.
Why do hummingbirds chase each other?
Hummingbirds are fiercely territorial. They stake out claims to food sources and perches in order to have exclusive access to the nectar and insects they need to survive. A dominant male hummingbird will aggressively defend his territory, chasing intruders away through displays of speed, agility and bold flying maneuvers. Females and juveniles may also partake in chasing, though male hummers tend to be the most aggressive.
Territory disputes are most common during migration and breeding seasons, when food is in high demand. The arrival of a new food source, like a feeder or flowering plant, can also trigger competition. Hummers will fiercely defend these prize sources to ensure their own survival and success in attracting mates.
Dangers of one hummingbird dominating
When one hummingbird monopolizes a feeder, it puts others at risk. Hummingbirds have extremely high metabolisms and must consume large amounts to maintain their energy. They can starve in as little as a few hours if they are chased from food sources. Exposure and predation are other threats if a bird is too weak or exhausted to safely perch or seek shelter.
Young fledglings may be in particular danger from aggressive adults. Still learning to forage on their own, juveniles need ample opportunities to feed. If chased repeatedly, they may not get enough to eat at this critical stage of development.
By chasing other hummers, the dominant bird also puts itself at risk by rapidly burning calories. The energy spent defending territory could be better used for migration or breeding. And if other birds leave due to aggression, the dominant hummer no longer has a backup food source.
Deterring hummingbird aggression
Here are some tips for minimizing hummingbird aggression at your feeders:
- Offer multiple feeders spaced widely apart. This reduces competition and allows hummers to spread out.
- Use feeder styles with multiple ports for feeding. More birds can access nectar.
- Hang feeders near trees, shrubs and other perches. Dominant birds are less likely to defend larger areas.
- Provide both food and water sources like drippers, sprays and baths. These offer alternatives if a bird gets chased from a feeder.
- Take down feeders at night to reset territorial behavior each morning.
- Gradually reduce sugar content in nectar. This makes the food source less desirable to defend.
- Supplement feeders with plenty of flowering plants. More food options reduce fighting.
Discouraging the dominant hummer
If one hummingbird is excessively aggressive, you may need to target your deterrents at that individual bird. Here are some methods to discourage bullying behavior:
- Identify the aggressor and watch its patterns. Note its favorite perches and feeding spots.
- Set up a feeder in a secluded spot just for the bully bird. Let it claim this “territory” away from other feeders.
- Use a handheld water mister to interrupt aggressive dives and chases.
- Install a sprinkler on a motion sensor near problem feeders. It will deter swooping charges while hummingbirds drink.
- Hang ribbons or reflective tape near feeders and favored perches to scare off the dominant bird.
- Use feeders with perch barriers that prevent hovering above the nectar ports.
When to call for help
In most cases, bullying behavior will resolve on its own within a few days or weeks. But if you notice any of the following, it may be time to get expert advice:
- Injured hummingbirds due to aggressive collisions or chases
- Little to no hummingbird activity at your feeders due to one dominant bird
- Excessive fighting that persists daily without letting up
- Signs of starvation in younger or smaller hummingbirds
- The aggressor hummingbird appears sick, weak or injured
Contact your local hummingbird association, wildlife rehabilitation center or nature authority if aggression seems to be threatening the welfare of your hummingbirds. They can provide tailored guidance for your situation, or may be able to safely capture and relocate repeat offender birds.
Providing a peaceful environment
Hummingbirds are spirited defenders of their territories. But with ample food sources and some strategic deterrents, their competition can be minimized. Here are some final tips for a more peaceful environment:
- Provide at least 1-2 feeders per hummingbird in your area
- Separate feeders by 25-30 feet or more
- Choose feeder styles that accommodate multiple birds
- Set up “guard” feeders just for aggressive hummers
- Use motion-activated deterrents to discourage chasing
- Plant plenty of natural flowers and nectar sources
- Call experts if aggression does not resolve
With some patience and creativity, you can deter fighting and allow all hummingbirds to peacefully share your feeders. Enjoy watching their graceful antics, diverse plumages and aerial stunts as you provide a safe sanctuary for these energetic migrants.
Conclusion
Hummingbird aggression is a natural behavior, but excessive bullying can put other birds at risk. By offering abundant feeding opportunities and discouraging dominance, you can create an environment for peaceful coexistence. Address persistent aggression promptly by contacting wildlife experts when needed. With some strategy and deterrents, your yard can become a welcoming oasis for all hummingbirds to feed and flourish.