Hummingbird mint and agastache refer to plants in the genus Agastache. This genus contains around 22 species of aromatic herbaceous perennials that are native to North America. These plants are commonly known as giant hyssops or hummingbird mints. The most popular garden varieties grown for their flowers and fragrance are Agastache foeniculum (anise hyssop), Agastache rugosa (Korean mint), and their hybrids.
Key Differences Between Hummingbird Mint and Agastache
While the terms “hummingbird mint” and “agastache” are sometimes used interchangeably, there are some key differences:
- Hummingbird mint typically refers to just one species: Agastache rupestris. This is a wildflower native to the southwestern United States.
- Agastache refers to the entire genus of 22 species. Many of these have common names like anise hyssop, giant hyssop, licorice mint, etc.
- Hummingbird mint has bright orange-red flowers on short spikes. Agastache species can have flowers in shades of purple, pink, orange, yellow, or white.
- Hummingbird mint grows 1-3 feet tall. Agastache species range from 1-6 feet in height depending on variety.
- Hummingbird mint thrives in hot, dry climates. Different agastache species grow best in various climates and soil conditions.
So in summary, hummingbird mint refers to just one southwestern wildflower species, while agastache refers to all 22 herbaceous perennial plant species in the genus. But the common name “hummingbird mint” is sometimes used for other red-flowered agastache hybrids.
Background on the Genus Agastache
The genus Agastache belongs to the mint family Lamiaceae. Like other mints, the agastache plants have square stems and aromatic leaves. The flowers have a tubular, two-lipped shape typical of mints. Different species display spikes of flowers in shades of purple, blue, pink, orange, yellow, and white.
Agastache plants are prized for their long bloom period, often flowering from midsummer through fall. Their nectar-rich flowers attract bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds. The fragrant leaves and flowers are also used for tea, potpourri, and culinary purposes. The flavored teas have a minty anise flavor.
Native American tribes traditionally used some agastache species for medicine, food, and spiritual ceremonies. Today the essential oils and extracts are still valued in herbalism. Compounds like methyl chavicol and estragole give the plants their characteristic licorice-anise aroma.
Popular Garden Varieties
Some of the most popular agastache plants grown in gardens include:
- Agastache foeniculum – Anise hyssop has purple-blue flowers and anise-scented leaves. Grows 2-4 ft tall.
- Agastache rugosa – Korean mint has lavender-purple blooms. Grows 2-3 ft tall.
- Agastache aurantiaca – Orange hummingbird mint has bright orange flowers. Grows 1-3 ft tall.
- Agastache hybrids – Breeders have created compact hybrids like ‘Black Adder’, ‘Blue Boa’, and ‘Apricot Sunrise’ in a wide color range.
Growing Conditions
Different agastache species thrive in different growing conditions. Here is an overview of the main habitat preferences:
| Species | Native Range | Growing Conditions |
|---|---|---|
| Agastache foeniculum | Western North America | Full sun, average to dry soil, zones 4-9 |
| Agastache rugosa | Korea, China, Japan | Full sun, average soil, zones 5-9 |
| Agastache aurantiaca | Southwestern USA | Full sun, dry rocky soil, zones 7-10 |
| Agastache rupestris | Southwestern USA | Full sun, dry rocky soil, zones 5-9 |
Most agastache thrive in full sunlight and well-drained soil. They don’t tolerate constantly wet soil that leads to root rot. Drought tolerance varies by species. Hummingbird mint and other southwestern natives are very drought hardy once established. Korean mint and anise hyssop perform best with moderate watering. Fertilization is usually not necessary in rich garden soils.
Using Agastache in Gardens
Agastache offers multiple uses in gardens:
Ornamental Flowers
The long-blooming flower spikes provide vivid colors in the summer and fall garden. The vertical shape contrasts nicely with bushy or mounded plants. Use agastache in borders, beds, containers, and pollinator gardens.
Fragrance
Brush against the foliage or flowers to release the refreshing minty-anise fragrance. The honey and licorice scent attracts pollinators while also delighting gardeners. Plant near paths or seating areas to enjoy.
Edible Flowers & Foliage
The flowers and leaves of anise hyssop and Korean mint add lovely flavor to teas, cocktails, fruit salads, jelly, and more. Use sparingly at first since the flavor is strong.
Dried Flowers
Cut flower spikes can be hung to dry upside down. Use the dried agastache flowers in potpourri, wreaths, herbal crafts, and arrangements. The color and scent last for months.
Attract Pollinators
Agastache is a magnet for bees, butterflies, hummingbirds, and other beneficial pollinating insects. Plant where the flowers can be easily accessed by pollinators.
Herbal Medicine
Traditionally, agastache has been used to treat digestive issues, fevers, coughs, and pain. Clinical studies are still needed on the medicinal efficacy of the essential oils.
Key Differences Between Agastache Species
While the 22 agastache species share many similarities, there are also key differences among them:
| Species | Flower Color | Height | Hardiness | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agastache foeniculum | Blue-purple | 2-4 ft | Zones 4-9 | Anise-scented foliage |
| Agastache rugosa | Lavender-purple | 2-3 ft | Zones 5-9 | Minty-licorice fragrance |
| Agastache aurantiaca | Orange | 1-3 ft | Zones 7-10 | Hummingbird favorite |
| Agastache cana | Purple | 3-6 ft | Zones 5-10 | Giant hyssop |
| Agastache pallidiflora | White | 1.5-3 ft | Zones 6-9 | Fragrant white flowers |
Flower color, size, hardiness, and aroma are important differences to note when selecting species and cultivars for the garden.
Caring for Agastache
Here are some tips for growing agastache successfully:
Soil
Prepare a site with well-draining soil. Amend clay soils with compost. Good drainage is essential.
Light
Most agastache thrive in full sun. A few hours of afternoon shade is tolerated.
Water
Water 1-2 times per week until established the first season. Mature plants have moderate to high drought tolerance. Avoid wet feet.
Fertilizer
Fertilization is usually not needed, but you can apply a balanced organic fertilizer in early spring if soil is very poor.
Pruning
Cut back flower stems after blooming finishes in fall. Can prune in spring for shape/size.
Dividing
Clumps can be divided every 2-3 years in spring if they get overcrowded.
Hardiness
Select species suited for your hardiness zone. Most are perennial in zones 4-9.
Pests & Diseases
Agastache has few serious issues. Can occasionally see leaf spot, powdery mildew, rust, or spider mites.
How to Use Hummingbird Mint in Gardens
Here are some tips for successfully growing and using hummingbird mint (Agastache rupestris):
Growing Conditions
This Southwestern native thrives in hot, dry conditions. Provide full sun and very well-drained soil. Tolerates poor, rocky soil. Drought tolerant once established.
Ideal Uses
Hummingbird mint works nicely in borders, rock gardens, containers, and pollinator gardens. Plant near paths and seating areas to enjoy the fragrance.
Flowers
Tubular orange-red flowers bloom on short spikes from midsummer into fall. Deadhead to encourage more blooms.
Fragrance
Lightly brush foliage or flowers to release a lovely minty aroma. Smells like a mix of licorice and mint.
Attracts Hummingbirds
This aptly named plant is highly attractive to hummingbirds. Plant where the birds can easily access the nectar-rich tubular flowers.
Deer & Rabbit Resistant
This fragrant perennial is ignored by deer and rabbits, making it a great option for gardens prone to nibbling animals.
Cut Flowers
Use the long-lasting blooms in floral arrangements. Hanging upside down to dry works nicely too.
Propagation
Take softwood cuttings in spring or sow seed in fall. Division can be done every few years to control size.
Tips for Growing Agastache
Follow these tips for successfully growing agastache:
Sun Exposure
Plant in full sun for the most abundant flowers. At least 6 hours of direct sun per day.
Soil
Well-drained soil is critical to prevent rotting. Amend heavy clay as needed to improve drainage before planting.
Watering
Keep soil moderately moist the first season to establish an extensive root system. Mature plants tolerate drier conditions.
Fertilizer
Avoid over-fertilizing, which can lead to floppy growth. Compost or balanced organic fertilizer once a year is usually sufficient.
Winter Care
Cut back flower stems in fall but leave basal foliage to overwinter. Mulch in cold climates for added protection.
Pruning
Prune flower stems back after blooming finishes. Can prune in spring to shape and contain size.
Propagation
Take softwood cuttings in spring or early summer. Division or seed started in fall also works for propagation.
Pests & Diseases
Agastache has few serious pest issues. Can occasionally see leaf spot, powdery mildew, rusts, spider mites, or slug/snail damage.
Conclusion
In summary, the terms “hummingbird mint” and “agastache” are closely related but not exactly the same. Hummingbird mint refers specifically to Agastache rupestris, a Southwestern wildflower. The genus Agastache contains 22 species of aromatic perennials, including anise hyssop, Korean mint, and more.
While not all agastache are hummingbird mints, they share similar tubular flowers loved by hummingbirds. Their fragrant leaves and long bloom seasons also make agastache prized ornamental perennials. Once you understand their preferences for full sun, well-drained soil, and moderate water, agastache are easy to grow and enjoy in gardens.
