Hummingbirds have very high metabolisms and need to feed frequently throughout the day to get enough energy. Their primary food source is nectar from flowers, but they also need supplemental feeding from hummingbird feeders. It’s important to keep your hummingbird feeder clean and full of fresh nectar so these busy birds always have food available.
How often to change hummingbird food
In general, you should change the nectar in your hummingbird feeder every 2-3 days during warm weather. Here are some guidelines for how often to replace hummingbird food:
- Replace nectar every 2 days when temperatures are over 90°F
- Replace nectar every 3 days when temperatures are 70°F – 90°F
- Replace nectar every 4 days when temperatures are 50°F – 70°F
- Replace nectar every 5 days when temperatures are below 50°F
The nectar spoils faster in hot weather because bacteria grow more rapidly in warm temperatures. So more frequent changing is required during summer months. Cold weather slows the growth of bacteria, allowing you to go a little longer between nectar changes.
It’s better to replace the food more often than needed rather than less. Rancid nectar can make hummingbirds sick. It’s also a good idea to clean the feeder thoroughly each time you replace the nectar.
Signs it’s time to change the nectar
In addition to following these temperature-based guidelines, watch for these signs that indicate it’s time to replace your hummingbird nectar:
- Cloudiness – Fresh nectar should look clear. Cloudiness indicates microorganisms are growing.
- Mold/algae – Check closely for green or black mold, fuzz, or algae growing in the nectar.
- Fermentation – Nectar with a wine-like smell has started to ferment due to yeast.
- Dead insects – Bugs attracted to the sugar can contaminate the nectar.
- Low nectar level – Top off more frequently so it doesn’t run dry.
- Hummingbirds avoiding feeder – They know when nectar has gone bad.
Nectar recipe
Making your own nectar is easy and costs just pennies per batch. Here is a simple recipe hummingbirds love:
| Ingredient | Amount |
|---|---|
| White granulated sugar | 1 part |
| Water | 4 parts |
For example, mix 1 cup of sugar with 4 cups of water. Other common ratios are 1:3 or 1:5 sugar to water. Avoid honey, brown sugar, artificial sweeteners or food coloring.
Boil the water first, then stir in the sugar until dissolved. Let cool before filling feeders. Store extra nectar in the fridge for 2-3 weeks. Discard and make fresh after that.
Hummingbird feeder cleaning
Cleaning your feeder properly helps prevent potentially deadly mold and bacteria growth. Here are some tips for safe, effective cleaning:
Cleaning supplies
- Hot water
- White distilled vinegar
- Stiff bottle brush
- Pipe cleaners for narrow openings
- Mild, scent-free dish soap (optional)
Cleaning steps
- Disassemble feeder completely
- Discard old nectar from reservoir
- Wash all parts in hot, soapy water; rinse thoroughly
- Soak in boiling water mixed with 1 part vinegar for 15 minutes; air dry fully
- Wipe down outside of feeder
- Let dry completely before refilling with fresh nectar
Deep clean the feeder every couple weeks with soap. Monthly deep cleaning with vinegar keeps away stubborn buildup.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the best hummingbird food recipe?
The best recipe is 1 part white sugar to 4 parts water. Boil the water first before mixing in sugar until fully dissolved. Avoid other sweeteners, brown sugar, and food coloring.
Should I clean hummingbird feeder with bleach?
No, avoid using bleach for hummingbird feeders. The small amount of residual bleach left behind can be harmful to hummingbirds. Vinegar is a safe, effective alternative.
How often do I need to refill hummingbird feeder?
Check the nectar level daily and refill as needed. During peak activity, they may empty a feeder daily or more. Refill often to ensure nectar is always available.
Can I use artificial sweetener in hummingbird food?
No, do not use artificial sweeteners, honey, fruit juice, or brown sugar. Hummingbirds need plain white sugar for energy. Artificial sweeteners provide no nutritional value.
What attracts hummingbirds to a feeder?
The red color of most feeders initially attracts hummingbirds. But they will return readily to any feeder that provides fresh, sugar-water nectar, their preferred food source.
Conclusion
Caring for hummingbird feeders is easy and rewarding. Just remember to change the nectar every 2-3 days in warm weather, more often if it looks cloudy or dirty. Deep clean the feeder with hot water and vinegar regularly. And refill with fresh homemade nectar anytime the level runs low. With proper care, your feeder will provide healthy food that attracts these energetic, beautiful birds all season long.
