Hummingbirds have very high metabolisms and need to consume a lot of energy in the form of nectar to support their fast wingbeats and active lifestyles. Their preferred food source is flower nectar, which they access with their long, specialized beaks and tongues. When it comes to supplemental feeders provided by humans, the temperature of the artificial nectar inside is an important consideration for hummingbird health and safety.
What do hummingbirds eat?
In the wild, hummingbirds get most of their energy from drinking nectar from flowers. Their diet consists of:
- Flower nectar – Provides carbohydrates and sugars for energy
- Small insects – Provides protein
- Tree sap – Provides carbohydrates and minerals
- Pollen – Provides protein and fat
Hummingbirds have bifurcated tongues with forked tips that allow them to lap up nectar quickly and efficiently. Their high metabolism means they need to consume approximately half their body weight in nectar each day. This equates to visiting hundreds or even thousands of flowers daily.
In addition to natural sources, hummingbirds will readily feed on supplemental “nectar” from feeders provided by humans. This artificial nectar is typically composed of white granulated sugar dissolved in water. Feeders allow hummingbirds easy access to the sugary calories they crave.
Ideal temperature for hummingbird nectar
When it comes to artificial nectar in feeders, the ideal temperature is room temperature. Here are some guidelines:
- Nectar temperatures between 60-80°F (16-27°C) are safest for hummingbirds.
- Nectar that is too cold (below 60°F/16°C) can shock their system when ingested.
- Nectar that is too hot (above 80°F/27°C) can cause tongue burns.
It’s best to mix up fresh nectar each day and allow it come to room temperature before filling feeders. Refrigerating the nectar is not recommended.
Why temperature matters
The optimal temperature range for hummingbird nectar offers a balance of safety and maximizing calorie intake. Here’s why it matters:
Cold nectar risks
- Hypothermia – Drinking very cold nectar can dangerously lower their body temperature.
- Slowed feeding – Cold nectar is thicker and harder to lap up, slowing down consumption.
- Calorie loss – More energy is required to warm up cold nectar in their crop.
Hot nectar risks
- Tongue burns – Hot nectar can scald their long, slender tongues.
- Overheating – Raising their core body temperature too high through hot nectar consumption.
- Bacteria growth – Heat accelerates bacterial growth in the nectar.
Room temperature benefits
- Easy consumption – Nectar flows smoothly and is easy to lap up.
- Safe calorie intake – No loss of calories warming or cooling nectar.
- Energy maximization – Readily provides optimal sugary energy.
Room temperature nectar supports hummingbird health and meets their high energy needs. Extremes of cold or hot take a toll on their bodies and can even risk their lives.
Signs of temperature-related distress
Watch for these signs that nectar temperature is unsuitable for hummingbirds accessing your feeders:
Cold temperature signs
- Shivering
- Moving feathers to retain heat
- Lethargy or weakness
- Attempting to warm up in sunlight
- Slow nectar consumption
Hot temperature signs
- Rapid breathing
- Holding beak open
- Excessive panting
- Lethargy or weakness
- Decreased nectar consumption
If you observe any of these distress signs, switch out the nectar for a fresh room temperature batch. Monitor the hummingbirds to ensure they recover normally.
Tips for proper temperature nectar
Follow these tips for serving nectar at a safe temperature for hummingbirds:
- Mix up fresh batches daily
- Use cool or room temperature water
- Don’t microwave or heat nectar
- Avoid refrigerating finished nectar
- Discard nectar after 24 hours
- Check feeder shade and sun exposure
- Consider nectar cooling tips in hot climates
Monitoring nectar closely and maintaining room temperature will help support hummingbird health and satisfaction at your feeders.
Conclusion
Hummingbirds thrive best on nectar served between 60-80°F. Temperatures outside this room temperature range can negatively impact their feeding, health, and safety. Cold nectar risks hypothermia and hot nectar risks burns and overheating. Keep a close eye on your feeder temperature by mixing fresh nectar daily, discarding old batches, and ensuring proper feeder placement. With some care and awareness, you can provide your local hummingbirds a rewarding and safe supplemental feeding experience.
