Hummingbirds are some of the most fascinating birds in the world. Their ability to hover mid-air and fly backwards sets them apart from other bird species. These tiny birds have captured the imagination of people for centuries. One of the ways that people try to bring hummingbirds close is by putting up bird feeders or man-made hummingbird houses. But do hummingbirds actually like and use these man-made houses? Let’s take a closer look.
What attracts hummingbirds?
Hummingbirds are attracted to food sources and safe places to build nests. Their primary food source is nectar from flowers. They also eat small insects for protein. Hummingbirds need a reliable source of nectar and insects throughout the day to power their supercharged metabolisms. They prefer flowers with a tubular or trumpet-like shape which perfectly suits their long, slender beaks and tongues. Some favorite flowers are trumpet vine, fuchsia, lantana, coral honeysuckle, and cardinal flower. Hummingbirds also need a safe place to build a nest and raise their young. They typically build a small cup-shaped nest out of plant down, spider webs, lichen, moss, and buds. The nest is usually placed on a small tree limb away from predators.
Do hummingbirds use bird feeders?
Yes, hummingbirds readily use feeders designed to provide nectar. This supplemental food source is very attractive to hummingbirds. Specialized hummingbird feeders have a nectar reservoir and built-in perches where the birds can comfortably sit and drink. The sugar water (four parts water to one part white sugar) provides a concentrated source of energy. Feeders are typically red or another bright color. Hummingbirds are attracted to the color red, which they associate with nectar-producing flowers. Having a constant nectar source from a feeder allows hummingbirds to regularly return to a yard. Strategically placing feeders near gardens, trees, and shrubs provides food as well as shelter and place to perch. Maintaining clean feeders and changing the nectar frequently will encourage more hummingbird traffic.
Do hummingbirds use bird houses?
Hummingbirds may occasionally investigate and even appear to show some interest in bird houses. However, they do not actually use enclosed bird houses for nesting or roosting. There are a couple reasons for this:
Size – The entrance holes in typical bird houses are too large for hummingbirds. They can pass through easily. Without a very small opening that protects the nest from predators, hummingbirds will not feel safe.
Shape – Hummingbirds prefer to build an open cup-shaped nest usually attached to a tree limb. They do not like enclosed nest boxes.
Location – Hummingbird nests are built at least 10 feet above ground away from predators. Bird houses mounted on poles or walls may not be high enough.
So while hummingbirds may check out a bird house out of curiosity, they will not take up residence there. They have very specific nesting requirements.
What kind of hummingbird nesting structures can you provide?
While standard enclosed bird houses don’t appeal to hummingbirds, there are a couple specialized structures you can provide to make your yard more hummingbird-friendly for nesting and raising young:
Nest Baskets
Hummingbird nest baskets are small, open containers that mimic a nesting platform in a tree. A wire hanger attaches the basket to a high tree branch, well above ground level. The basket typically has a layer of coconut coir or moss that the birds use as a starter base to build their nest. Nest baskets may attract hummingbirds to nest in a particular location. Make sure to observe the nest from a distance and do not disturb the area once eggs are laid.
Nesting Pockets/Shelves
Some people construct wooden shelves with a layer of natural material attached. The shelf is then mounted high on a tree. Hummingbirds may build on these artificial nesting platforms. Just be sure the design allows the birds to build their preferred cup-shaped nest with room to incubate eggs and raise nestlings. Again, do not disturb active nests.
Tips for attracting hummingbirds to your yard
Here are some tips to make your yard attractive for hummingbirds seeking food and places to nest:
- Plant a variety of nectar-producing flowers that bloom throughout the season like fuchsia, lantana, petunias, and trumpet vine.
- Set up 1-2 feeders with fresh sugar water changed every 2-3 days.
- Use red feeders or tie red ribbons on existing feeders.
- Position feeders near trees, shrubs or other plants that provide cover and perches.
- Provide a water feature like a mister, fountain, or bird bath for drinking and bathing.
- Avoid using pesticides which can be toxic to hummingbirds.
- Keep a lookout for good sheltered locations to mount artificial nesting structures at least 10 feet high.
- Limit disturbance to nesting areas once hummingbirds start building nests.
Attracting hummingbirds is all about providing their essential food, water, shelter and nesting requirements throughout the seasons. A yard that meets these needs will become a favorite haunt for hummingbirds to visit and potentially raise their young. With a little planning, you can invite these special birds into your living space.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the best hummingbird feeder?
The best hummingbird feeders have the following features:
- A convenient nectar reservoir and ports that are easy to clean.
- Built-in perches designed for hummingbird feet.
- Bee guards on the feeding ports.
- Red color; red attracts hummingbirds.
- Durable, weatherproof construction.
Leak proof and ant moat features are also useful.
What plants attract hummingbirds the most?
Some of the best garden plants for attracting hummingbirds include:
- Fuchsia
- Lantana
- Coral honeysuckle
- Cardinal flower
- Petunias
- Trumpet vine
- Salvias
- Gladiolus
- Columbine
- Bee balm
Choose plants with tubular or trumpet-shaped flowers in bright colors like red, orange, pink, or purple. Hummingbirds are attracted to flower shapes that are perfect for their long beaks and tongues.
When should I put up hummingbird feeders?
In most regions, hummingbird feeders can be put up as early as late winter or early spring before hummingbird migration occurs. Hang multiple feeders to establish a food source that will greet hummingbirds upon arrival. For the rest of the season through fall migration, continually maintaining the feeders provides a supplemental food source that appeals to hummingbirds. In warmer climates where hummingbirds overwinter, feeders can be up year-round. Just be sure to change the nectar every few days, or more often in hot weather.
What time of year do hummingbirds nest?
Nesting seasons varies across North America depending on the migration and breeding cycle. In general:
- Western states: February – July
- Eastern states: April – August
- Southern states: March – June
- Pacific Northwest: May – August
Females may have up to 3 broods a season. They often return to the same nesting spot year after year. Providing nesting materials early in the season encourages hummingbirds to build in your yard.
Conclusion
Hummingbirds are attracted to backyards that provide their essential needs – food, water, shelter, nesting materials, and perches. While standard bird houses don’t appeal to hummingbirds, specialized nesting baskets, platforms, and landscaping that offers protection can successfully draw hummingbirds in. Bird feeders and beautiful gardens full of their favorite flowers will keep these tiny dynamos coming back all season long. With a little effort, you can create an enticing sanctuary that hummingbirds will remember and return to each year. If you put out the welcome mat with the features hummingbirds love, they will flock to your yard and reward you with their beauty and fascinating behavior.
