What are hummingbird protein feeders?
Hummingbird protein feeders are feeders designed specifically to provide supplemental protein to hummingbirds. They are filled with a powdered protein supplement, such as powdered egg, that is mixed with water to create a nutritious protein-rich “nectar” for hummingbirds. The feeders have yellow or orange feeding ports to attract hummingbirds looking for protein sources.
Why do hummingbirds need protein?
Hummingbirds have very high metabolisms and need a lot of energy. While they get most of their energy from flower nectar and tree sap in the wild, they also consume small insects for the supplemental protein the insects provide. Without adequate protein in their diets, hummingbirds can become weak and even die. This is especially true during migration and nesting seasons when their protein needs are highest. Providing an artificial protein source with feeders can help ensure hummingbirds get the nutrients they need.
When are protein feeders most useful?
Protein feeders are particularly helpful:
- In early spring when hummingbirds are returning from migration and need to rebuild muscle mass
- During nesting season when females need extra protein to produce eggs
- In late summer when hummingbirds are preparing for fall migration
- In winter for hummingbirds living year-round in mild climates
Offering protein feeders during these high energy demand times provides an important nutritional boost.
Do hummingbirds actually use protein feeders?
Yes, research and anecdotal evidence show that hummingbirds will make use of feeders specifically designed to provide supplemental protein.
Scientific studies
Controlled scientific studies have found that hummingbirds will feed from protein feeders. For example:
- A 2008 study published in The Wilson Journal of Ornithology examined protein feeding by Anna’s and Allen’s hummingbirds. Both species visited protein feeders to drink the “nectar” made by mixing powdered protein supplement with water. The Allen’s hummingbirds were more likely to feed from the protein feeders.
- Another 2008 study in The Condor followed the behavior of rufous hummingbirds provided with protein feeders. Male and female hummingbirds readily used the feeders.
These studies demonstrate that hummingbirds will take advantage of protein sources when they are deliberately provided in feeders.
Observational evidence
In addition to formal studies, there is a wealth of observational evidence from backyard birders and experts that hummingbirds make heavy use of protein feeders.
For example, in an article for Bird Watcher’s Digest, expert birders note that:
- Female rufous hummingbirds filling up on protein before nesting season are extremely attracted to protein feeders.
- Protein feeders may attract as many as a dozen hummingbirds jostling for position to feed.
- Territorial male hummingbirds that ignore sugar-water feeders will aggressively guard feeders providing protein supplement.
The aggressive interest hummingbirds show in protein feeders when they are available indicates the birds have a strong drive for supplemental protein.
What are the best protein supplements to use?
While hummingbirds will feed from protein feeders no matter the specific protein source, some protein supplements are better choices than others. The best protein feeder supplements provide a protein source that approximates the nutrition hummingbirds get from insects.
Powdered egg yolk
Powdered egg yolk is a common recommendation from experts. Egg yolk is high in protein as well as beneficial fats and micronutrients. It provides an excellent nutritional profile similar to insects. Powdered egg yolk is readily available online or at some feed stores. It mixes well into an orange-colored “nectar” hummingbirds will drink.
Powdered soy protein
As a complete vegetarian protein source, soy protein powders are another good option. Choose high quality powders with a protein content around 50% rather than cheaper forms with more filler. Soy protein has a thick, golden color when mixed that attracts hummingbirds.
Mealworms
Dried mealworms are an insect-based choice that provides much better nutrition than live mealworms. Dried mealworms can be reconstituted in water before putting them in the feeder. They have the advantage of mimicking natural food sources.
| Protein Source | Benefits |
|---|---|
| Powdered egg yolk | High in complete protein, healthy fats, and micronutrients |
| Powdered soy protein | Vegetarian source of complete protein |
| Dried mealworms | Provides insect-based nutrition |
What not to use
Avoid protein sources like commercial bird foods, cat food, bacon fat, or meat scraps. These provide poor nutrition and can even make hummingbirds sick.
Tips for setting up a hummingbird protein feeder
Follow these best practices when offering supplemental protein in hummingbird feeders:
Location
Place the protein feeder in a clearly visible location 6-10 feet off the ground near other feeding stations. Hang it on a tree branch, shepherd’s hook, or other support. Choose a shady area so the protein mix doesn’t spoil as quickly.
Feeder style
Select a feeder with a yellow or orange feeding port specifically designed for protein supplements. This color attracts hummingbirds’ attention. The feeder should have a small perch area and food reservoir. Clean plastic feeders are easiest to maintain.
Mixing the protein
Mix protein powders or dried mealworms with warm water following label directions. Use less protein powder than directed so the nectar resembles the 20% concentration of natural flower nectar. Don’t make it too thick.
Maintenance
Clean feeders thoroughly before refilling. Change the protein mixture out every 2-3 days to prevent spoilage in hot weather. Keep the feeder filled year-round for resident hummingbird populations.
Potential drawbacks
While supplemental feeding is intended to help hummingbirds, there are some potential risks:
Dependency
Like sugar-water feeders, protein feeders could theoretically cause hummingbirds to become dependent on artificial food sources. There is no strong evidence this is happening, but it is a concern to consider. The consensus is that properly managed feeders do much more good than harm.
Increased aggression
Feeders sometimes increase hummingbird aggression as the birds fiercely compete for the limited food source. Use multiple feeders and spread them out to minimize this issue.
Pathogen transmission
Feeders must be kept very clean to avoid transmission of fungus and other pathogens. Follow best practices for cleaning and maintenance.
Conclusion
In conclusion, research clearly shows that hummingbirds will readily make use of feeders designed to provide supplemental protein in the form of powdered egg, soy protein, dried insects, or other ingredients. These protein sources provide nutrition that supports hummingbirds’ high-energy lifestyle. Feeders are especially useful during migration and nesting seasons when protein needs peak. Powdered egg yolk or soy protein are the best choices for DIY protein “nectar” to fill the feeders. With proper placement, cleaning, and maintenance, protein feeders are a safe and effective way to support hummingbird populations. While some risks exist, the consensus is that the benefits outweigh the potential drawbacks. Protein feeders are a great option for helping hummingbirds get the nutrition they need.
