As fall approaches and temperatures start to drop, many backyard birdwatchers have noticed hummingbirds disappearing from their yards earlier than usual. This has raised questions about whether hummingbirds are migrating south ahead of schedule this year. Here are some quick answers about what’s going on with hummingbirds this season:
Why do hummingbirds migrate?
Hummingbirds migrate south in order to find food and survive the winter. They feed on flower nectar and small insects, which become scarce across much of North America once flowers fade and freezing temperatures arrive. By traveling to warmer southern climates like Mexico and Central America, hummingbirds can continue accessing the food they need to live.
When do hummingbirds usually migrate?
Most hummingbirds migrate south between August and November. Here are the typical migration windows for common backyard hummingbirds in the United States and Canada:
| Species | Fall Migration Period |
|---|---|
| Ruby-throated Hummingbird | August to November |
| Rufous Hummingbird | July to September |
| Allen’s Hummingbird | July to September |
| Anna’s Hummingbird | October to November |
As you can see, migration times can vary across species and regions. Ruby-throats are typically the last to head south.
Have hummingbirds been leaving early this year?
In many areas, hummingbird enthusiasts have reported sightings ending several weeks earlier than normal in 2022. This suggests hummingbirds are indeed starting migration sooner this year for many species.
For example, ruby-throated hummingbirds usually depart the Upper Midwest in October, but sightings dropped off sharply by late August this year according to data from Journey North, a citizen science project that tracks hummingbird migration. eBird reports also show earlier declines relative to historical averages.
Why are hummingbirds leaving early this year?
While migration times can fluctuate year to year, a few key factors could be driving earlier migration in 2022:
- Drought conditions – Hot, dry weather through summer has caused many flowers and food sources to fade sooner in parts of the U.S.
- Climate change – Some research suggests warming is altering natural food availability and feeding/nesting timelines.
- Competition – With fewer food sources, competition at feeders may encourage some birds to move on.
How can I keep hummingbirds around longer?
If you want to support hummingbirds staying later into fall at your home, here are some tips:
Provide fresh nectar
Keep feeders clean, filled, and regularly maintained with fresh nectar (1 part sugar to 4 parts water). Select feeders with ant moats or other features to slow spoilage.
Provide new flowers
Plant late-blooming flowers like sage, fuchsia, and trailing lantana. Deadhead spent flowers to encourage new growth.
Offer fruit
Try halved oranges, banana slices, or even overripe berries to provide an alternative food source.
Use drips and misters
Misting vegetation provides drinking water. Drippers near feeders attract insects that hummingbirds eat too.
Wait it out
In most regions, some hummingbirds will continue stopping by feeders into October or November. Keep nectar stocked and you may get late visits.
Should I take down my feeders?
Here are some recommendations on when to remove hummingbird feeders:
- Keep feeders up through early-mid October, then gradually transition to intermittent use into November.
- Only take down feeders once you have confirmed local hummingbirds have migrated and are no longer visiting.
- In warmer southern climates like the Gulf Coast, keep feeders up year-round as some hummingbirds do not migrate.
Consider leaving feeders up until at least one hard freeze hits your area. If hummingbirds are still around in late fall, continue feeding them until migration is complete.
How do I know if hummingbirds are still migrating?
Watch for these signs that hummingbird migration is still underway in your region:
- Seeing birds arrive at your feeders sporadically
- Noting increasing activity on warmer days after cold spells
- Spotting green juveniles moving through in September/October
- Observing territorial behavior, chirping vocalizations
Online resources like eBird, Journey North, and hummingbird alert maps can provide real-time reports of hummingbird activity. Check them to see if migration is still happening in your area.
Can I help prepare my yard for next year?
Here are some tips to make your yard hummingbird-friendly for next spring:
Plant native flowers
Native plants with tubular red flowers tailored to your region will attract hummingbirds. Consult local nurseries for the best varieties.
Install feeders before arrival
Have clean feeders up and filled by early April so food is available as hummingbirds return. Place near early blooming trees/shrubs.
Provide water
Birdbaths, fountains, or misters give hummingbirds a fresh water source for drinking and bathing.
Limit pesticide use
Avoid pesticides that may impact food supplies like insects. Carefully follow label instructions if using.
Put up nest boxes
You may attract nesting pairs by installing small hummingbird houses. Place away from feeders to reduce competition.
Conclusion
While hummingbird migration patterns can vary, reports indicate many hummingbirds left early this year due to weather conditions and food availability. Homeowners can help support hummingbirds by providing supplemental food and water sources into the fall. Monitoring local activity and maintaining feeders through first freeze or hard frost is best practice. With some planning for their needs, you can welcome hummingbirds back again next spring.
